Endoscopy insufflator: Overview, Uses and Top Manufacturer Company

Posted on February 27, 2026 | by drthomas

Introduction

An Endoscopy insufflator is a medical device used to deliver a controlled flow of gas—most commonly carbon dioxide (CO2) or room air—into a hollow organ or body cavity during endoscopic procedures. By gently distending the lumen (for example, the colon) or maintaining workspace, the insufflator supports visualization, instrument passage, and procedural efficiency.

In many endoscopy units, insufflation is so routine that it can fade into the background—until the view collapses, abdominal distension becomes pronounced, or the device alarms mid-case. Yet the insufflator is one of the key “enabling technologies” of modern endoscopy: it helps the clinician create and maintain an operating field inside a dynamic, compliant organ while also minimizing unnecessary pressure and avoiding unsafe overdistension. In practical terms, it influences how easily the endoscopist can advance the scope, how stable the mucosal view remains during therapy, and how quickly the team can transition between diagnostic and therapeutic steps.

This piece of hospital equipment matters because “insufflation” is not just a comfort feature; it influences what the endoscopist can see, how safely the scope can be advanced, and how the care team responds when pressures, flows, or alarms indicate a developing problem. From an operations perspective, the Endoscopy insufflator also touches procurement decisions (gas type, consumables, service contracts), infection prevention workflows (filters and tubing), and patient safety programs (alarm management and incident reporting). It also intersects with facility infrastructure in ways that are easy to overlook: cylinder storage policies, wall gas availability, compatible regulators and connectors, power quality, and even room turnover routines.

This article provides general, educational information—not medical advice. You will learn what an Endoscopy insufflator does, when it is typically used (and when caution is needed), how basic operation and outputs are commonly understood, what to do when something goes wrong, and how cleaning and infection control are approached in real-world endoscopy units. A global market snapshot is included to help administrators, biomedical engineers, and procurement teams anticipate supply chain and service realities across different health systems.

To keep the discussion grounded in day-to-day reality, this article also frames the insufflator as part of a larger “endoscopy tower” ecosystem: the endoscope and valves, processor, light source, monitor, suction, electrosurgical units, and the sedation/anesthesia setup. A well-functioning insufflator cannot compensate for an incompatible tubing set, a partially engaged connector, a kink under a cart wheel, or a team that has not aligned on air versus CO2 for the list.

What is Endoscopy insufflator and why do we use it?

Clear definition and purpose

An Endoscopy insufflator is clinical device designed to insufflate (introduce) gas into a body lumen or working space during endoscopy. The goal is controlled distension: enough expansion to improve visibility and maneuverability, without excessive pressure or volume.

In flexible gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, insufflation helps open mucosal folds, maintain a view, and allow instruments to pass. In some procedural contexts, controlled CO2 insufflation is preferred because CO2 is absorbed by the body more rapidly than room air, which may reduce post-procedure distension in some patients. The “right” approach depends on local protocols, clinician judgment, and the manufacturer’s instructions for use (IFU).

In many facilities, “air insufflation” may come from an air pump integrated into the endoscopy processor rather than a separate standalone device. A dedicated CO2 insufflator is often added when the unit standardizes on CO2 for some or all procedures, or when the clinical team wants more consistent control over gas delivery parameters than the integrated air pump provides. This distinction matters operationally because the tubing sets, connectors, and alarm behaviors can differ depending on whether the gas source is the processor’s internal pump or an external insufflator.

It is also helpful to distinguish an endoscopy insufflator from related devices:

Laparoscopic insufflators are designed for insufflating the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum) and typically support higher flow rates and different pressure targets than flexible endoscopy.
Hysteroscopy/cystoscopy systems often use fluid distension rather than gas insufflation.
Suction regulators remove gas and fluids but do not create distension; in endoscopy, safe practice depends on balancing insufflation and suction rather than relying on one alone.

Common clinical settings

You may see an Endoscopy insufflator in:

Endoscopy suites (upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy, enteroscopy)
Advanced endoscopy rooms (endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, complex polypectomy)
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) environments (practice varies)
Ambulatory endoscopy centers, where throughput and patient comfort are key operational drivers
Operating rooms and hybrid suites when endoscopic and surgical workflows overlap (note: laparoscopic insufflators are related but not identical devices)

Additional settings and scenarios where a dedicated insufflation strategy may become especially important include:

Pediatric endoscopy (workflow and settings are often more conservative, and staff may prefer predictable low-pressure modes where available)
Complex therapeutic lists where multiple devices share tower space (insufflator placement, cable routing, and tubing management become human-factor issues)
Endoscopy training and simulation labs, where consistent device behavior supports teaching and competency assessment
Procedures with repeated instrument exchanges (e.g., multiple biopsies, stent work, hemostasis), where demand-based insufflation can behave differently than continuous flow depending on device design

From a hospital operations standpoint, the insufflator sits at the intersection of clinical preference (air vs CO2), infrastructure (cylinders vs wall supply), and the endoscopy “tower” ecosystem (processors, light sources, suction, monitors, electrosurgery units).

Key benefits in patient care and workflow

When appropriately selected and operated, an Endoscopy insufflator can support:

Better visualization by expanding the lumen and flattening folds
More predictable scope handling because the lumen is less collapsed
Potentially improved patient comfort when CO2 is used in settings where it is absorbed faster than air (effect varies)
More consistent procedural flow, especially during long therapeutic cases where distension needs change over time
Team situational awareness via alarms and displayed parameters (pressure/flow status)

In addition, endoscopy leaders often value insufflation systems because they can reduce “micro-delays” that add up over a full list. Examples include faster re-establishment of luminal distension after suctioning, fewer interruptions from inadequate insufflation during therapeutic maneuvers, and clearer device status indicators that reduce ambiguity during room turnover.

For administrators and procurement teams, standardizing insufflation approach can also reduce variation: consistent consumables, training, and maintenance routines across rooms. Standardization can extend beyond the insufflator itself to include compatible regulators, approved filter models, tubing sets, and labeling practices (for example, a consistent method to mark CO2 rooms or CO2-capable towers).

Plain-language mechanism of action (how it functions)

Most insufflators follow the same basic control loop:

Gas source: CO2 cylinder, wall outlet, or internal pump (model-dependent).
Regulation: The device reduces source pressure to a safe working range.
Control: Sensors and valves manage the delivered flow and limit pressure.
Delivery path: Gas passes through tubing—often with a microbial filter and/or one-way valve—into the endoscope insufflation port and then to the patient.
Feedback and alarms: The device monitors for conditions such as high pressure, low gas supply, occlusion, leaks, or internal faults.

Some models are standalone CO2 insufflators used alongside an endoscopy system; others may be integrated into an endoscopy platform. Features such as gas warming, different flow modes, and event logs vary by manufacturer.

At a component level (described in a simplified way), many insufflators include:

A high-pressure inlet (for cylinder-based CO2) and/or a pipeline connector
One or more pressure regulators or stages of pressure reduction
Solenoid valves or proportional valves to modulate flow quickly
A pressure transducer and sometimes a dedicated flow sensor
A microprocessor control system that continuously adjusts valve behavior to meet the setpoint while respecting the pressure limit
Safety features such as overpressure relief, internal fault monitoring, and audible/visual alarm indicators

Even when the user interface looks simple (a couple of buttons and a display), the device is effectively performing rapid control adjustments to keep insufflation within safe boundaries while responding to clinician demand (more distension, less distension, or temporary suction-driven collapse).

How medical students and trainees encounter this device

In training, students often first notice insufflation indirectly: the endoscopist asks for “more air” or “switch to CO2,” the nurse adjusts settings, the patient’s abdomen distends, or an alarm interrupts the flow. Residents and fellows learn that insufflation is a dynamic tool—balanced with suction, scope torque, and patient monitoring—rather than a “set it and forget it” accessory.

For trainees rotating through endoscopy, understanding the Endoscopy insufflator helps bridge preclinical physiology (pressure, compliance, gas exchange) with procedural safety culture (checklists, alarm response, and equipment readiness).

In many units, trainees also learn practical “system thinking” lessons through the insufflator:

A perfect endoscopic technique can be undermined by a simple setup error (wrong port, missing filter, kinked tubing).
“Air” and “CO2” are not just interchangeable labels; they affect logistics (cylinders, regulators), monitoring (especially during long cases), and patient experience in recovery.
Alarm response is a team skill: the safest teams have an agreed pattern such as “pause, suction, check patient, check connections, then resume.”

When should I use Endoscopy insufflator (and when should I not)?

Appropriate use cases

Use of an Endoscopy insufflator is typically appropriate when endoscopic visualization or instrument passage requires luminal distension, such as:

Diagnostic upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy
Therapeutic endoscopy where stable visualization is required for precision work
Long procedures where repeated insufflation and suction cycles occur
Situations where CO2 insufflation is part of a facility protocol to support recovery workflows (for example, in high-throughput ambulatory settings)

In many services, clinicians choose between room air and CO2 based on availability, patient factors, and procedural needs. Some facilities reserve CO2 for longer cases due to consumable and gas logistics.

From an operational standpoint, CO2 adoption often starts with specific use cases (long therapeutic colonoscopies, ERCP lists, or painful/complex procedures) and then expands as teams gain confidence and the supply chain stabilizes. For example, a unit may initially place CO2 insufflators in one or two “advanced procedure” rooms, then later standardize across all rooms to reduce confusion and misconfiguration during room changes.

Situations where it may not be suitable

Insufflation itself is usually not “optional” in endoscopy, but the type of gas, the amount, and the pressure/flow limits may need modification. Situations that commonly require heightened caution and senior oversight include:

Known or suspected perforation, or clinical concern for a luminal injury (management is clinician-led and protocol-driven)
Significant obstruction where distension could worsen symptoms or risk (clinical decision)
Patients with limited cardiopulmonary reserve where gas absorption/ventilation dynamics matter, especially for prolonged procedures under deep sedation or general anesthesia (coordinate with anesthesia)

Also consider operational unsuitability: if the correct gas source is unavailable, tubing is not compatible, filters are out of stock, or the device fails pre-use checks, the safer choice may be to delay, switch devices, or use an alternative workflow per local policy.

In practice, “not suitable” can sometimes mean “not suitable without adjustments.” Examples of adjustments (always clinician- and protocol-led) may include using lower flow settings, choosing CO2 rather than air in selected procedures, increasing reliance on suction and decompression, or changing the procedural approach if equipment readiness cannot be assured. The key idea is that insufflation settings are not generic—they should match the patient, procedure, and environment.

Safety cautions and contraindications (general)

General cautions for this medical equipment include:

Do not exceed manufacturer-recommended settings; pressure-limiting features are part of risk control.
Avoid improvised adapters and unapproved tubing; misconnections can defeat safety valves or introduce leaks.
Treat persistent alarms as meaningful until proven otherwise; do not silence and ignore.
Use only the gas type supported by the device and the facility policy; do not assume interchangeability across models.

Contraindications and detailed clinical decision-making vary by procedure type, patient condition, and manufacturer guidance. In training environments, use should occur under supervision with clear escalation pathways.

From a device safety standpoint, a frequently overlooked caution is gas source integrity. Insufflators are designed for medical-grade gas supplies and validated connectors. Facilities should avoid “creative” sourcing or unlabeled cylinders, and should treat cylinder handling and storage as a safety program (including securing cylinders to prevent tipping and ensuring staff know how to identify the correct gas).

Clinical judgment, supervision, and local protocols

An Endoscopy insufflator is not a standalone “therapy.” It is part of a larger system that includes the endoscope, suction, sedation monitoring, and team communication. The safest practice is consistent: follow local protocols, respect competency boundaries, and use manufacturer IFUs as the authoritative reference for a specific model.

In well-run endoscopy units, insufflation planning is often embedded into routine safety steps such as a pre-list equipment check and a procedure “time-out.” That planning can include confirming the gas type, verifying adequate cylinder supply for the list, and agreeing on who will respond first if alarms occur (for example, nurse checks connections while the endoscopist stabilizes the scope and the anesthesia team monitors the patient).

What do I need before starting?

Required setup, environment, and accessories

Before using an Endoscopy insufflator, confirm the basics of room readiness:

Power: grounded outlet; verify any backup power expectations per facility policy.
Gas supply: CO2 cylinder (secured) or wall supply where available; correct regulator and connectors for the country/region.
Ventilation: adequate room airflow and safe cylinder storage practices (especially in small rooms).
Integration: compatible connection to the endoscope system or tower (model-specific).

Common accessories and consumables include:

Insufflation tubing (often single-use; varies by manufacturer)
Microbial filter and/or one-way valve (if required by IFU)
Appropriate adapters/connectors (avoid “universal” parts unless validated)
Backup cylinder and wrench/key as per local practice
Labels or logs for cylinder changeover and consumable lot tracking (policy-dependent)

A practical pre-start consideration is simply space and routing. Endoscopy towers can become crowded with processors, light sources, recording devices, electrosurgical units, and sometimes additional carts for therapeutic accessories. Insufflator placement should allow:

Unobstructed ventilation around the device housing
A tubing path that is not stretched tight and not likely to be trapped by casters
Easy access to the cylinder valve/regulator (if cylinder-based) without moving the entire tower mid-case

Facilities that standardize tower layouts (including consistent hook/clip points for tubing and cables) tend to experience fewer “mystery alarms” and fewer accidental disconnections during turnover.

Training and competency expectations

Competency should be role-based:

Clinicians (endoscopists/anesthesia): understand clinical effects, risks, and when to reduce/stop insufflation.
Endoscopy nurses/technicians: setup, connection checks, alarm response, and documentation routines.
Biomedical engineering/clinical engineering: commissioning, preventive maintenance (PM), repairs, and safety testing.
Procurement/operations: ensure IFUs, consumables, service access, and total cost of ownership planning.

A practical benchmark is that staff should be able to explain the device’s gas pathway, identify key alarms, and perform pre-use checks without workarounds.

Many endoscopy services also benefit from “just-in-time” refreshers when equipment changes. Even small interface differences—like how a device indicates standby, how it displays pressure units, or how it signals a low gas condition—can lead to delays and errors under time pressure. A short in-service that includes hands-on tubing connection and an alarm simulation often yields more reliability than a purely slide-based orientation.

Pre-use checks and documentation

Typical pre-use checks (adapt to your model’s IFU) include:

Visual inspection: casing, power cord, gas inlet, tubing ports, display integrity
Confirm correct gas type, regulator, and cylinder security
Check tubing routing for kinks or crushing points
Verify filter presence and expiration (if applicable)
Power-on self-test results; confirm alarms are functional
Confirm default settings match local protocol for the intended case
Record device ID/serial number if required for traceability
Confirm the device is within PM date and has no “do not use” tag

Documentation expectations vary widely. Some facilities log insufflator use only when an incident occurs; others log per case as part of endoscopy quality systems.

Additional practical checks that many teams find useful (especially in CO2 workflows) include:

Cylinder readiness: confirm the cylinder is not near empty at the start of a long therapeutic list, to avoid mid-procedure changeover.
Regulator condition: look for obvious damage, worn threads, or a loose connection that could cause a slow leak.
Alarm audibility: ensure the alarm volume is audible over typical endoscopy room noise, especially if music is used or if multiple devices alarm.
Correct units: confirm the display units match what staff are trained on (for example, pressure displayed in mmHg or kPa), to avoid misinterpretation when switching between rooms or device models.

Operational prerequisites (commissioning, maintenance, consumables, policies)

From a hospital equipment lifecycle view, don’t skip:

Acceptance testing/commissioning after purchase, relocation, or major repair
PM schedules aligned to manufacturer recommendations and local risk assessments
Consumables planning (tubing, filters, connectors) to prevent last-minute substitutions
Service readiness: access to qualified service, spare parts, and loaner options (varies by region)
Policies: standardized gas selection, cylinder handling, alarm response, and cleaning responsibilities

For CO2 insufflation in particular, facilities often need a small amount of “infrastructure governance” that goes beyond the endoscopy department. Examples include:

Clear rules on medical gas cylinder storage (secured, labeled, separated from incompatible cylinders)
Defined responsibility for cylinder replacement and inventory (endoscopy staff vs central stores vs biomedical)
A plan for out-of-hours support, especially in hospitals where emergency endoscopy occurs overnight
A process to approve equivalent consumables when a preferred tubing set or filter is backordered (to avoid unsafe ad hoc substitutions)

Roles and responsibilities

Clear ownership prevents “nobody’s job” failure modes:

Clinicians: select clinical approach and respond to patient-specific risk signals.
Nursing/techs: ensure correct setup, connections, and immediate troubleshooting.
Biomedical engineering: maintain safety and performance, manage repairs, verify compatibility after changes.
Procurement: contract terms, training obligations, consumables availability, and lifecycle cost controls.

Many facilities also involve:

Infection prevention: approving cleaning agents, verifying accessory reprocessing pathways, and auditing high-touch surface cleaning.
Facilities/engineering: managing wall gas outlets (if present), power quality, and room ventilation considerations.
Quality/safety teams: integrating equipment-related near-miss reporting into broader patient safety programs.

How do I use it correctly (basic operation)?

Workflows vary by model, but many steps are universal. Always prioritize the manufacturer IFU and local endoscopy unit policy.

Basic step-by-step workflow (commonly applicable)

Confirm the plan: procedure type, anticipated duration, and local preference (air vs CO2).
Position the device safely: stable surface on the tower/cart; keep vents unobstructed.
Verify gas supply: correct cylinder/wall source; cylinder secured; regulator attached correctly.
Connect insufflation tubing: correct port-to-port connection; avoid strained or kinked tubing.
Install required filter/valve: if the IFU specifies a microbial filter or check valve, ensure it is present and correctly oriented.
Power on and self-test: confirm no faults; verify display and audible alarms.
Select mode/settings: choose the protocol-appropriate mode (for example, standard vs low-pressure modes if available).
Connect to the endoscope system: ensure the endoscope insufflation port is correctly connected and that the endoscope valves are assembled properly.
Start insufflation and observe: monitor the endoscopic view and the device indicators while advancing.
Adjust dynamically: coordinate with suction, scope position, and patient response; avoid prolonged excessive distension.
End-of-case decompression: stop insufflation and suction gas as clinically appropriate before scope withdrawal (workflow varies).
Power down and disconnect: close cylinder if used; relieve line pressure if required by IFU; disconnect and dispose/reprocess accessories appropriately.
Document: record issues, alarms, cylinder changes, or deviations from protocol.

Operationally, many endoscopy units find it helpful to build a habit of placing the insufflator into standby (if available) during certain non-insufflation moments, such as prolonged instrument preparation, scope changes, or when the endoscope is removed but the case is not fully finished. This can reduce unintended gas flow, reduce alarm frequency, and avoid unnecessary cylinder depletion—while still keeping the device ready.

Calibration and verification (when relevant)

Some insufflators may require periodic calibration checks or verification after servicing. In practice, this is typically managed by biomedical engineering rather than bedside staff. If the device prompts for calibration, treat it as a controlled process: do not bypass it without following the IFU or approved service procedure.

From a quality management standpoint, calibration and verification are not only about numerical accuracy. They can also include:

Confirming that pressure relief and alarm thresholds activate appropriately
Checking for internal leaks that might not be visible during routine use
Verifying that software/firmware updates (when applicable) do not change alarm behavior in unexpected ways

Facilities that document these checks clearly in a CMMS or equipment log can more easily correlate recurring clinical complaints (for example, “insufflation feels weak in Room 3”) with measurable device performance trends.

Typical settings and what they generally mean

Exact values vary by manufacturer and procedure type, but common setting concepts include:

Pressure limit: the maximum pressure the device will allow before reducing/stopping flow.
Flow rate: how quickly gas can be delivered; higher flow may improve responsiveness but can increase risk if misapplied.
Mode: continuous vs demand-based delivery (terminology varies by manufacturer).
Low-pressure/pediatric modes: conservative limits for smaller patients or sensitive scenarios (use per protocol and clinician decision).
Gas warming: may be offered to improve comfort; availability varies by manufacturer.

A safe operational habit is to treat defaults as “starting points,” not as universal truth, and to understand what changes do to patient distension and alarm thresholds.

It can help staff to think of pressure and flow as serving different purposes:

Pressure limits help prevent excessive force against the lumen and reduce the risk of dangerous overdistension.
Flow settings influence how quickly the lumen re-expands after suctioning or scope movement collapses the view.

In real procedures, the endoscopist may ask for “more air” when they actually need faster re-expansion (flow) or when the scope tip is positioned in a way that limits effective distension. This is one reason why communication between endoscopist and assisting staff matters: a quick question such as “Do you want higher flow, or should I suction and re-insufflate?” can prevent unnecessary escalation of settings.

How do I keep the patient safe?

Patient safety with an Endoscopy insufflator is a combination of correct setup, active monitoring, and disciplined response to alarms and clinical changes.

Safety practices and monitoring

Common safety practices include:

Continuous patient monitoring appropriate to the sedation/anesthesia plan (for example, oxygen saturation and ventilation monitoring per local standard).
Visual and tactile cues: observe abdominal distension, patient movement, and changes in scope resistance.
Team communication: verbalize when insufflation is increased, when decompression is needed, and when alarms occur.
Avoiding unnecessary distension: use the minimum insufflation needed for safe visualization and advancement.
Balancing insufflation with suction: frequent suction can stabilize the view and reduce distension, but can also drive the insufflator to “chase” pressure depending on mode.

For longer procedures—especially therapeutic cases—coordination with anesthesia is important because gas absorption and ventilation needs can change over time.

Although CO2 is often absorbed more quickly than room air, it is still physiologically active: absorbed CO2 must ultimately be eliminated through ventilation. During prolonged procedures—especially under deep sedation or general anesthesia—anesthesia teams may pay attention to ventilation parameters and trends that can be influenced by CO2 use. This is not a reason to avoid CO2 by default; rather, it emphasizes the value of shared situational awareness and appropriate monitoring consistent with the sedation plan.

Additional patient-safety habits that many experienced teams use include:

Frequent “micro-decompression”: brief suctioning at natural pauses (before instrument exchanges or when withdrawing slightly) to reduce cumulative distension.
Awareness of scope position: a lumen can appear adequately distended on screen while certain segments remain overdistended; experienced endoscopists adjust insufflation as they traverse.
Clear documentation of gas type: recording whether air or CO2 was used supports recovery staff in interpreting post-procedure discomfort and supports quality audits.

Alarm handling and human factors

Alarms are not just noise; they are part of the risk-control design of this medical device. Practical principles:

Pause and interpret before silencing repeatedly.
Check the patient first, then the system: distension, ventilation status, and any clinical warning signs take priority.
Use a standard response script in the team (for example: “Stop insufflation, suction, check connections, reassess”).
Avoid “alarm fatigue” by fixing underlying causes (kinked tubing, wrong mode, empty cylinder) rather than overriding alerts.

Human-factor issues that commonly contribute to problems include rushed setup, mislabeled cylinders, mixed tubing from different manufacturers, and unclear responsibility during turnover between cases.

A practical way to reduce alarm-related disruption is to match common alarms to a “first-look” check:

High-pressure alarm: suspect occlusion or excessive distension; pause insufflation, suction if appropriate, check for kinks or closed valves, reassess patient.
Leak/low-pressure alarm: suspect disconnection; check quick-connects and ports, verify endoscope valve assembly, confirm filter/connector seating.
Low gas alarm: check cylinder valve position and cylinder contents; prepare a backup cylinder per policy.

Standardizing these responses in training reduces the time between alarm and corrective action and decreases the temptation to silence alarms without addressing the cause.

Risk controls, labeling checks, and compatibility

Practical risk controls that apply in most settings:

Confirm cylinder label and regulator compatibility before opening the valve.
Use only IFU-approved tubing and filters; do not assume cross-brand compatibility.
Ensure the filter/check valve direction is correct (if used).
Keep the device vents clear to avoid overheating or false fault conditions.
Verify that the insufflation source selected (air vs CO2) matches the planned workflow and documentation.

Compatibility deserves special emphasis because endoscopy units often operate with mixed fleets over time. A facility may have different tower generations, scopes from different product families, or a mixture of CO2 insufflators and processor-based air pumps. Managing compatibility typically requires:

A clearly labeled inventory of approved tubing sets and filters
A policy on whether cross-brand components are allowed (and if so, which combinations are validated)
A mechanism to prevent “mix-and-match” errors during busy turnover periods (for example, dedicated bins for each room’s consumables)

Incident reporting culture (general)

A mature safety culture treats equipment issues as reportable learning opportunities:

Report near-misses (for example, wrong gas cylinder brought to room, tubing mismatch caught during checks).
Document recurring alarm patterns that disrupt care; they may signal a maintenance need or training gap.
Preserve device identifiers (serial number, room location) when escalating to biomedical engineering.

The goal is not blame—it is reliability in a high-throughput environment.

In many hospitals, the most actionable insights come from small, frequent reports rather than rare catastrophic events. A pattern of “intermittent high-pressure alarms in Room 2 after tower moves” might reveal that tubing is routinely pinched during repositioning, or that a particular connector is worn. Capturing and acting on these patterns can improve both safety and throughput.

How do I interpret the output?

An Endoscopy insufflator’s “output” is primarily operational status, not a diagnostic measurement. Understanding what the device is telling you helps you respond appropriately and avoid misinterpretation.

Types of outputs/readings you may see

Depending on the model, displays may include:

Set pressure vs measured pressure
Flow indicator (numeric or bar/segment display)
Gas supply status (cylinder pressure, “low gas” warning, or estimated remaining)
Mode indicators (standard/low, continuous/demand)
System status (ready, active, standby)
Alarm codes/messages (high pressure, occlusion, leak, sensor fault, overtemperature)

Some devices keep event logs for alarms or usage; availability varies by manufacturer and configuration.

Some models may also provide “service-facing” indicators that bedside users should recognize even if they do not act on them directly, such as:

Maintenance reminders or “service due” notifications
Counters for operating hours or number of cases (used by biomed to plan preventive maintenance)
Configuration menus where pressure units (mmHg/kPa) and alarm volumes are adjusted (often locked behind service access)

How clinicians typically interpret these outputs

Patterns can guide quick troubleshooting:

High pressure with low flow can suggest downstream occlusion (kinked tubing, closed valve, blocked port) or a highly sealed system.
Low pressure with high flow can suggest a leak or disconnection (open port, loose tubing, missing cap/connector).
Sudden low gas alarm suggests depleted cylinder or closed valve; check the supply side.
Persistent high-pressure alarms should prompt immediate reassessment of patient distension and whether insufflation should be paused.

Importantly, the displayed pressure is usually measured at or near the device, not directly inside the patient. Compliance of tubing and the endoscope channel, suction use, and lumen characteristics all influence what the device “sees.”

Because the number displayed is not a direct “patient pressure,” teams should avoid overconfidence in the digits alone. In practice, clinicians integrate three information sources:

The endoscopic view (mucosal folds open vs collapsed)
Patient cues and monitoring (distension, discomfort, ventilation trends)
Device status (is the system delivering gas as intended, and are alarms occurring?)

Common pitfalls and limitations

Artifacts from workflow: frequent suctioning, scope valve changes, or instrument exchanges can cause transient pressure/flow fluctuations.
Misleading reassurance: “normal” readings do not guarantee patient safety if the clinical situation is changing.
Calibration drift or sensor issues: if outputs seem inconsistent with clinical reality, treat it as a potential equipment issue.
Altitude and infrastructure: performance and alarms can behave differently with varying ambient pressure or inconsistent gas supply (facility dependent).

Best practice is simple: interpret device outputs alongside the endoscopic view, patient monitoring, and team observations.

A subtle pitfall in multi-room environments is unit mismatch. If one insufflator displays pressure in a different unit than another, staff can unintentionally apply an inappropriate setting when rotating rooms. This is a classic example of a “latent” human-factor risk that can be reduced through standardization (same model across rooms) or through explicit labeling and training.

What if something goes wrong?

When something goes wrong with an Endoscopy insufflator, prioritize patient safety, stabilize the situation, and then troubleshoot systematically.

Immediate actions (general)

Stop or pause insufflation if there is unexpected resistance, severe distension, or concerning alarms.
Use suction to reduce distension if clinically appropriate.
Communicate clearly: state the problem, the action taken, and who is leading troubleshooting.
Escalate early to a senior clinician and/or anesthesia when patient physiology is changing.

In many endoscopy rooms, the fastest “first stabilization” step is simply to stop insufflation and suction—this reduces distension while giving the team time to interpret alarms. Even when the root cause is purely technical (empty cylinder, kinked tubing), this pause helps ensure that troubleshooting does not proceed while the patient is continuing to distend unnecessarily.

Troubleshooting checklist (practical and non-brand-specific)

Power: Is the device on? Any error/fault screen? Check power cable and outlet.
Gas supply: Cylinder valve open? Regulator attached correctly? Wall supply active? Any low-gas indicator?
Connections: Tubing fully seated? Correct port used? Any quick-connect partially engaged?
Tubing path: Kinks, crushing under wheels, sharp bends at tower edges.
Filter/check valve: Present if required? Correct orientation? Not saturated/damaged?
Endoscope interface: Correct connection to insufflation port? Valves assembled properly? Any cap missing?
Settings/mode: Is the device in standby? Wrong mode selected for the case?
Alarms: Read the message/code; do not rely only on the sound.
Swap to known-good consumables: If policy allows, replace tubing/filter from a sealed package.
Try an alternate device: If the unit is unreliable and patient safety permits, switch per protocol.

A common real-world example: a high-pressure alarm occurs repeatedly shortly after starting the case. The endoscope view shows minimal distension. On inspection, the tubing is found partially trapped under a cart caster, producing an intermittent occlusion that worsens when the tower is moved. This kind of problem can be hard to “see” on the screen but becomes obvious when the troubleshooting checklist forces a physical inspection of the entire tubing path.

When to stop use

Stop use and remove the device from service (tag out) when:

Alarms persist despite basic troubleshooting
The device shows a fault condition or failed self-test
There is visible damage, overheating, unusual smell/noise, or liquid ingress
There is concern that the gas pathway may be contaminated due to backflow and the IFU does not support continued use
Staff are unsure about safe operation and no trained support is available

In addition, repeated “workarounds” (for example, turning alarm volume down to avoid distraction, or using unapproved adapters because the correct tubing is missing) should be treated as a signal to stop and escalate—not as a normal way of operating. Workarounds often mask systemic issues such as stocking failures, unclear responsibilities, or device fleet incompatibility.

Escalation to biomedical engineering or the manufacturer

Escalate with actionable information:

Device model and serial number
Alarm codes/messages and when they occurred
Gas source type (cylinder vs wall), regulator type, and consumables used (tubing/filter lot if tracked)
Steps already taken and their outcomes
Whether the issue occurred across multiple rooms or only one setup (points to infrastructure vs device)

If the facility uses a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), record the event so patterns can be detected and addressed through PM, training, or procurement changes.

When escalation includes clear, structured data (alarm code, room, consumables used), biomedical engineering can more quickly determine whether the issue is likely:

A device fault (sensor failure, internal valve issue)
An accessory issue (defective tubing, wrong filter orientation)
An infrastructure issue (wall supply problems, regulator mismatch)
A process issue (incorrect setup steps during turnover)

Documentation and safety reporting (general)

Document equipment-related interruptions and near-misses according to facility policy. For significant events, preserve the setup (tubing, filter, cylinder/regulator identifiers) if safe and required for investigation. The purpose is learning, traceability, and prevention—not blame.

Infection control and cleaning of Endoscopy insufflator

Infection prevention in endoscopy is high-stakes. While the Endoscopy insufflator is not an endoscope, it is part of the procedural ecosystem and can contribute to cross-contamination if workflows are inconsistent.

Cleaning principles

Focus on three concepts:

External surfaces are high-touch: hands, gloves, and splash exposure can contaminate panels and connectors.
The gas pathway should be protected: many systems rely on filters and one-way valves to reduce contamination risk.
Accessory management matters: tubing and filters may be single-use or reprocessable depending on the manufacturer.

Always follow the manufacturer IFU and your facility’s infection prevention policy. If they conflict, the facility should resolve this through formal review rather than ad hoc workarounds.

In practical terms, the insufflator is often classified as a noncritical device (because it generally does not contact mucous membranes directly), while the patient-connected accessories (tubing sets, certain connectors) may be treated as higher risk depending on design and the IFU. This split classification is one reason why filters and check valves are emphasized: they help maintain a “clean boundary” between the device interior and the patient environment.

Disinfection vs. sterilization (general)

Cleaning removes visible soil and reduces bioburden; it is usually the first step.
Disinfection reduces microorganisms to an acceptable level; “low-level” disinfection is often used for noncritical external surfaces.
Sterilization eliminates all microorganisms including spores; it is typically reserved for items entering sterile tissue or the vascular system.

For most insufflators, routine processing is focused on external cleaning/disinfection and safe management of patient-connected accessories (tubing, filters, connectors). Internal servicing (if required) is handled by qualified service personnel.

Where facilities sometimes run into trouble is assuming that any tubing is “disposable so it’s safe.” Even single-use items can create contamination risk if they are handled incorrectly (placed on contaminated surfaces, re-used between cases due to stockouts, or connected in a way that allows backflow into the device). This is why consistent stocking and turnover discipline are part of infection prevention—not just “cleaning.”

High-touch points to prioritize

Keypad/buttons and touchscreens
Control knobs and ports
Gas inlet connection and regulator interface
Tubing connectors (especially the patient-side connection)
Handles, cart surfaces, and cable management points
Power switch and power cord strain relief

If the insufflator is mounted on a shared cart or integrated into a tower that moves between rooms, the “touch surface map” expands. Staff may grab the tower rails, adjust cable hooks, or pull the tower by the insufflator shelf—creating additional cleaning priorities that are not obvious if one only focuses on the device front panel.

Example cleaning workflow (non-brand-specific)

After the case: place the device in standby/off per protocol; ensure patient is disconnected.
Dispose or contain accessories: discard single-use tubing/filter; place reusable parts into the correct closed container for reprocessing if permitted by IFU.
Prevent fluid ingress: do not spray liquid directly into vents or ports; apply disinfectant to a wipe first.
Wipe external surfaces: use an approved disinfectant compatible with plastics and screen coatings; respect contact time.
Clean connectors carefully: wipe around ports without pushing fluid into openings.
Allow drying: ensure surfaces are dry before reconnecting to power or storage.
Document as required: some units require turnover checklists or daily cleaning logs.
End-of-day checks: verify vents are clear, accessories are stocked, and the device is ready for the next list.

Where an insufflator is used in high-volume ambulatory environments, some units add a mid-day visual inspection step (quick check of ports, tubing storage, and any obvious spills) to prevent residue build-up that may be missed during rapid turnover cleaning.

Storage, transport, and environmental controls

Store in a clean, dry area with protected connectors.
Keep cylinders secured during storage and transport, following local safety rules.
Avoid stacking heavy items on top of tubing or devices, which can cause micro-cracks and leaks.

Consistent cleaning is easier when the endoscopy unit standardizes disinfectants, wipe types, and responsibilities across shifts.

Environmental consistency also matters for device longevity. Excess dust can accumulate in vents and affect thermal performance, and repeated exposure to incompatible chemicals can cloud displays or degrade plastics. When these material issues occur, they can indirectly impact safety by making alarms harder to see, ports harder to connect, or labels harder to read.

Medical Device Companies & OEMs

A manufacturer is the company legally responsible for the product’s design, labeling, regulatory compliance, and post-market surveillance (requirements vary by country). An OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) may produce components or complete devices that are then branded and sold by another company. OEM relationships are common in medical equipment and do not automatically imply poor quality, but they can affect service pathways and parts availability.

For hospital buyers, OEM arrangements matter because they may influence:

Who provides technical support and training
Availability of spare parts and consumables
Software/firmware update policies
Repair turnaround time and warranty terms
Traceability for recalls and safety notices (varies by manufacturer and jurisdiction)

From a procurement perspective, it can be useful to ask early (during evaluation) how service is structured: whether repairs are performed locally, whether parts are stocked in-country, and how long consumables are expected to remain available. Even when the brand on the front panel is familiar, the service experience may be shaped by the underlying OEM relationship and the local distribution model.

Top 5 World Best Medical Device Companies / Manufacturers

The following are example industry leaders (not a ranking). Product portfolios, regional availability, and Endoscopy insufflator offerings vary by manufacturer.

Olympus: Widely recognized for flexible endoscopy platforms and endoscopy suite ecosystems. Its portfolio typically spans endoscopes, processors, visualization, and related accessories. Global footprint and service models vary by region and distributor arrangements.
FUJIFILM: Known for imaging and endoscopy systems in many markets, often offering full endoscopy tower solutions. Facilities may encounter its products in GI endoscopy and related imaging workflows. Local service coverage and consumables availability vary by country.
PENTAX Medical (HOYA): Commonly associated with flexible endoscopy systems used in GI and other applications. Many hospitals evaluate PENTAX Medical alongside other major endoscopy brands when standardizing towers and accessories. Support structures differ depending on direct presence versus distributor-led models.
KARL STORZ: Often associated with endoscopic visualization systems and a broad range of scopes and instrumentation across specialties. In many regions, hospitals rely on KARL STORZ for durable endoscopy hardware and service support. Specific insufflation solutions and configurations vary by manufacturer and local portfolio.
Medtronic: A large medical device company with offerings across surgical and procedural care, including equipment used in minimally invasive workflows. Some hospitals consider its equipment in environments where endoscopy and surgery overlap operationally. Exact insufflation product types and availability vary by manufacturer and geography.

When evaluating any manufacturer for insufflation equipment, hospitals often consider not only the device’s features, but also the ecosystem: availability of validated tubing sets, training resources for rotating staff, and the vendor’s ability to support uptime in a high-throughput procedure environment.

Vendors, Suppliers, and Distributors

A vendor is a company selling products to the healthcare facility (often the contracting entity). A supplier is a broader term that can include manufacturers, wholesalers, or service providers. A distributor typically purchases from manufacturers (or acts on their behalf) and manages logistics, local inventory, delivery, and sometimes first-line technical support.

In endoscopy, distributors can strongly influence the ownership experience because they often manage:

Installation coordination and in-servicing
Consumables stocking and backorder management
First-line troubleshooting and loaner equipment
Warranty claims routing and service scheduling

For capital equipment like insufflators, buyers often benefit from clarifying a few practical contract questions upfront: Who provides the regulator (if needed)? Is training included for new hires, or only at installation? Are loaners guaranteed during repair, and what is the expected turnaround time? These details can matter as much as the initial purchase price when the device supports a high-volume service line.

Top 5 World Best Vendors / Suppliers / Distributors

The following are example global distributors (not a ranking). Coverage, subsidiaries, and healthcare focus vary by region and over time.

DKSH: Provides market expansion and distribution services in multiple Asian markets. Hospitals may engage DKSH for equipment sourcing, logistics, and local commercialization support. Service depth depends on local teams and manufacturer agreements.
Zuellig Pharma: Known in parts of Asia for healthcare distribution and supply chain services. Its role may include warehousing, delivery, and support for regulated products depending on the country. Buyer experience varies by local operating company and portfolio.
Henry Schein: A well-known distributor in healthcare supply chains, with medical and dental segments in multiple regions. Facilities may interact with Henry Schein for consumables, some capital equipment categories, and procurement support. Endoscopy-specific availability varies by market focus and local partnerships.
Medline Industries: Supplies a broad range of medical-surgical products and supports logistics for many healthcare facilities. Buyers may source consumables relevant to procedure rooms, though endoscopy capital equipment distribution varies by region. Value often centers on standardization and supply continuity.
Cardinal Health: Operates in healthcare distribution and supplies across many categories. Hospitals may work with Cardinal Health for supply chain solutions and product sourcing depending on the country. Capital equipment support models and endoscopy focus vary by market and business unit.

Global Market Snapshot by Country

India

Demand is driven by expanding private hospital networks, medical tourism, and growing GI endoscopy capacity in metropolitan areas. Many facilities rely on imported medical equipment and distributor-led service, with variable access to trained field engineers outside major cities.

In procurement, buyers may balance brand preference with practical realities such as service reach, consumables availability, and the ability to support multiple sites under one hospital group. In some regions, CO2 cylinder logistics and storage constraints influence whether CO2 insufflation is standardized broadly or reserved for selected rooms.

China

Large tertiary hospitals and expanding outpatient services contribute to strong demand for endoscopy systems and accessories. Local manufacturing exists across medical equipment categories, but high-end endoscopy ecosystems and service expectations can still involve significant imports and competitive tendering.

Hospitals often evaluate not only device performance but also the vendor’s ability to support fleet-scale deployments across multiple departments, with consistent training and predictable parts supply in a fast-moving regulatory environment.

United States

Procedure volumes, ambulatory endoscopy center growth, and emphasis on workflow efficiency influence purchasing and upgrades. Service ecosystems are mature, with strong expectations for uptime, loaner programs, and documented preventive maintenance, but costs and contracting complexity are often high.

Facilities may also place strong emphasis on documentation, traceability, and integration with broader equipment management programs—especially where accreditation and audit readiness influence operational decisions.

Indonesia

Urban private hospitals and national referral centers are key demand hubs, while rural access can be limited by infrastructure and staffing. Import dependence is common, and distributor capability—especially for consumables and service coverage—can be a deciding factor.

Because endoscopy services can be concentrated in urban areas, multi-site health systems often aim to standardize equipment models to simplify training and to reduce downtime when staff rotate between facilities.

Pakistan

Growth in private tertiary care and teaching hospitals supports demand, but procurement can be constrained by budgets and foreign currency exposure. Service availability may be concentrated in major cities, making training and spare parts planning important for continuity.

Hospitals may prioritize robust devices and clear warranty terms, and some facilities maintain additional backup equipment to mitigate repair turnaround times when service resources are limited.

Nigeria

Demand is concentrated in urban centers and private facilities, with significant reliance on imports and distributor networks. Service and parts availability can be a limiting factor, so buyers often prioritize maintainability, consumables access, and clear warranty terms.

Power stability, secure storage for cylinders, and availability of trained clinical engineering support can strongly influence the total cost of ownership in daily operations.

Brazil

A mix of public system purchasing and private sector investment shapes demand for endoscopy equipment. Regulatory and import processes can influence lead times, while larger cities tend to have stronger service ecosystems than remote regions.

In some settings, purchasing cycles and tender processes mean hospitals plan equipment upgrades well in advance, placing additional value on vendor reliability and continuity of consumables supply.

Bangladesh

Endoscopy services are expanding in private hospitals and diagnostic centers, often with strong price sensitivity. Many facilities depend on imported systems and third-party service support, so training, consumables planning, and standardized setups can reduce downtime.

Facilities that can standardize tubing sets and cleaning routines across rooms may see fewer interruptions, particularly where rapid turnover is needed in busy diagnostic centers.

Russia

Demand exists across large regional hospitals and specialized centers, with procurement influenced by budget cycles and supply chain constraints. Import dependence and service access vary by region, making local support arrangements and spare parts strategy important.

Hospitals may weigh device selection against long-term service sustainability, including the feasibility of obtaining consumables and parts consistently in different regions.

Mexico

Private hospital growth and expanding outpatient services support endoscopy equipment demand, with both domestic distribution and imports playing major roles. Service quality often depends on local distributor networks, especially outside the largest metropolitan areas.

For multi-site providers, consistent installation and training quality across cities can be a key differentiator between competing distributor offerings.

Ethiopia

Endoscopy capacity is growing in tertiary centers, but access remains uneven between urban and rural settings. Import reliance and limited service coverage mean procurement teams often prioritize durable devices, training packages, and availability of consumables.

Hospitals may also consider power resilience and the practicality of maintaining cylinder supply chains in environments where logistics can be challenging.

Japan

A mature endoscopy market emphasizes advanced technology, standardized workflows, and strong service expectations. Procurement decisions often consider interoperability within existing endoscopy towers and long-term service support in high-throughput environments.

In many institutions, equipment decisions are closely tied to workflow optimization, with strong attention to reliability, user-interface consistency, and compatibility across generations of devices.

Philippines

Demand is concentrated in Metro Manila and large provincial cities, with expanding private sector investment. Many facilities rely on imported equipment and distributor-led support, making preventive maintenance planning and consumables stocking essential.

Hospitals often emphasize training continuity due to staff turnover and rotation, and may rely heavily on distributor-led in-servicing to maintain consistent practice across shifts.

Egypt

Large public hospitals and private centers contribute to demand, with procurement shaped by budget constraints and tender processes. Import dependence is common, and service coverage may be strongest in major urban corridors.

Endoscopy units may place increased emphasis on predictable consumable supply and clear escalation pathways for repairs when multiple departments compete for limited service capacity.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Endoscopy access is limited and heavily concentrated in urban referral facilities and select private providers. Import logistics, power reliability, and scarcity of trained service personnel can heavily influence equipment choices and maintenance planning.

In such settings, simple, maintainable configurations and strong training support can be as important as advanced features, especially when repair turnaround times are unpredictable.

Vietnam

Rapid expansion of hospital infrastructure and private healthcare increases demand for endoscopy services. Import reliance remains important, but growing local distributor capability is improving access to installation, training, and maintenance in major cities.

Hospitals may evaluate vendors based on their ability to support scaling—adding rooms and increasing procedure volume without a corresponding increase in downtime or consumable shortages.

Iran

Demand exists in large academic and private centers, with procurement shaped by supply chain constraints and local availability of parts. Facilities may emphasize maintainability, local service capability, and consumables security to keep endoscopy units operational.

Operational planning may include careful inventory management for tubing and filters, and proactive preventive maintenance to reduce unexpected device failures.

Turkey

A strong mix of public and private healthcare supports endoscopy demand, including advanced procedures in tertiary centers. Many hospitals have access to established distributor networks, though service levels can vary between large cities and peripheral regions.

Facilities may prioritize vendors that can support high-throughput programs with consistent training, fast repairs, and ready availability of validated consumables.

Germany

A mature market with strong emphasis on quality systems, documentation, and preventive maintenance supports consistent demand. Buyers typically expect robust service contracts, interoperability planning, and clear infection prevention workflows for procedure-room equipment.

Procurement decisions often involve multidisciplinary review, and device selection may be closely tied to standardized documentation practices and audit readiness.

Thailand

Demand is supported by both public tertiary centers and private hospitals serving local and international patients. Import dependence is common for advanced endoscopy ecosystems, and purchasing decisions often weigh service responsiveness and consumables availability across regions.

In high-volume private hospitals, patient experience and recovery efficiency can be key drivers for CO2 adoption and for standardizing insufflation protocols across multiple rooms.

Key Takeaways and Practical Checklist for Endoscopy insufflator

The Endoscopy insufflator often looks simple, but it sits in the critical path of visualization, patient comfort, alarm response, and room efficiency. The checklist below summarizes operationally useful habits that support safety and reliability across a range of endoscopy environments.

Treat the Endoscopy insufflator as a safety-critical medical device, not an accessory.
Use the manufacturer IFU as the authoritative setup and cleaning reference.
Confirm the planned gas type (air vs CO2) before room setup begins.
Verify cylinder labeling and regulator compatibility before opening valves.
Secure gas cylinders to prevent tipping and connection damage.
Keep device vents unobstructed to reduce overheating and faults.
Use only approved tubing, filters, and connectors; avoid improvisation.
Check filter orientation and expiration when a filter is required.
Route tubing to avoid kinks, crushing, and trip hazards.
Perform and document pre-use checks according to local policy.
Do not ignore recurrent alarms; investigate and correct root causes.
Prioritize patient assessment first when alarms occur during a case.
Use the minimum insufflation needed for adequate visualization.
Coordinate insufflation and suction to control distension effectively.
Ensure staff can explain key alarms and first-line troubleshooting steps.
Standardize room setups to reduce variation across shifts and sites.
Maintain a backup plan for gas supply interruptions and empty cylinders.
Keep spare consumables available to avoid unsafe substitutions.
Tag out and escalate devices that fail self-tests or show faults.
Record device identifiers and alarm messages when escalating to biomed.
Include insufflator checks in endoscopy room turnover routines.
Clean and disinfect high-touch external surfaces between cases.
Prevent fluid ingress by applying disinfectant to wipes, not directly to ports.
Dispose of single-use tubing and filters immediately after the case.
Reprocess reusable accessories only if the IFU explicitly permits it.
Align disinfectants with device material compatibility to avoid damage.
Use competency-based training for new staff and after device upgrades.
Build preventive maintenance schedules around manufacturer recommendations.
Plan total cost of ownership, including consumables and service access.
Treat near-misses (wrong cylinder, wrong tubing) as reportable learning events.
Use clear role ownership: clinician decisions, nurse setup, biomed maintenance.
Validate compatibility when mixing components across towers and rooms.
Keep endoscopy documentation consistent: gas type, notable alarms, interruptions.
Avoid “workarounds” that bypass safety features or alarm limits.
Ensure procurement contracts specify training, service response, and parts availability.
Consider local infrastructure realities (power, supply chain, service reach) in purchasing.
Store devices and connectors in clean, dry areas to protect the gas pathway.
Review recurring downtime events to improve reliability and throughput.
Foster a culture where stopping use for safety is supported and expected.

Additional practical reminders that can improve day-to-day reliability:

Include a quick “gas check” in the pre-list huddle (enough cylinders for the day, backup available, correct wrench/key present if needed).
Make tubing management visible: use dedicated hooks/clips and avoid routing that crosses walking paths.
If multiple insufflators are in service, label them clearly by model to reduce cross-compatibility errors in consumables selection.
When adopting CO2, align recovery staff education with the new workflow so post-procedure expectations and documentation remain consistent.

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